Vacuum‐driven fluid manipulation by a piezoelectric diaphragm micropump for microfluidic droplet generation with a rapid system response time

Recently, we developed a convenient microfluidic droplet generation device based on vacuum‐driven fluid manipulation with a piezoelectric diaphragm micropump. In the present study built on our previous work, we investigate the influence of settings applied to the piezoelectric pump, such as peak‐to‐peak drive voltage (V_p‐p) and wave frequency, on droplet generation characteristics. Stepwise adjustments to the drive voltage in ±10‐V_p‐p increments over the range of 200?250 V_p‐p during droplet creation revealed that the droplet generation rate could be reproducibly controlled at a specific drive voltage. The droplet generation rate switched within <0.5 s after the input of a new voltage. Although the droplet generation rate depended on the drive voltage, this setting had almost no influence on droplet size. The frequency over the selected range (50?60 Hz) did not markedly influence the droplet generation rate or droplet size. We show that the current fluid manipulation system can be conveniently used for both droplet generation and for rapid droplet reading, which is required in many microfluidic‐based applications.     

波形钢板-UHPC组合桥面板结构截面优化

对实腹式波形顶板-UHPC(超高性能混凝土)组合桥面板进行了改进, 采用空腹式结构建立波形钢板-UHPC组合桥面板有限元模型, 研究UHPC层厚度、波形钢板厚度、波形长度、下缘板宽度和波形高度等截面参数变化对组合桥面板受力特性的影响, 并确定其合理取值范围. 在此基础上, 通过理想点法对参数组合进行优化, 得到合理的参数匹配. 研究结果表明 相较于实腹式组合桥面板, 优化后的组合桥面板自重减小35%, 钢板弯折处应力减小16%; 相较于正交异性钢桥面板, 桥面板用钢量减小7%, 顶板与U肋连接位置应力减小47%.     

压电式微滴按需喷射的过程控制和规律

微滴喷射增材制造技术中沉积微滴的大小与均匀性是影响成型件质量的关键因素.本文设计了一种用于生成均匀微滴的压电驱动式微滴喷射装置,通过压电材料带动柔性膜片振动,将液体从喷嘴中喷出生成微滴,采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,研究了不同控制参数下膜片振幅及其对生成微滴尺寸和均匀性的影响.研究结果表明:膜片振幅大小受到驱动电压和压电频率的共同影响,压电频率是导致膜片中心点振幅实验测量值小于理论计算值的主要原因,膜片振动会导致喷嘴内部压力发生变化从而影响微滴生成尺寸.在相同驱动电压条件下,压电频率为10 Hz时存在压电膜片振幅最大值.随着膜片振幅的增大,喷孔处液体速度和液柱长度增大到临界值时可以生成微滴,当喷孔处的液柱长度超过临界值时,会形成卫星液滴. 当膜片振幅区间在30 $\mu$m$\sim $42 $\mu $m可以稳定生成微滴,生成最小微滴尺寸为339.8$\mu$m,直径最大变化率为0.29%,相邻两微滴间距最大变化率为2.67%,生成微滴的尺寸及均匀性较好.研究结果有助于提高压电式微滴喷射装置的液滴生成质量.      

双驱动激波管稀疏波破膜技术研究

本文介绍了在双驱动激波管中运用稀疏波破膜的技术。在以压缩空气和氮气作实验气体的情形下,实验研究了中间段长度、稀疏波强度及中间段B膜的破膜压力（压差）对第二激波追韩第一激波的影响。实验结果表明：中间段的长短,显著地制约着前后两道激波的间隔;稀疏波强度及中间段B膜的破膜压力对稀疏波破膜时间及第二激小对反射稀疏波的追赶有重要影响。     

波纹钢屋盖结构板件相关屈曲的试验研究与分析

拱型波纹钢屋盖结构的受力机理异常复杂，波纹、加工制作过程中产生的变形和残余应力等初始缺陷在理论分析中很难精确定量描述。论文对波纹钢屋盖结构梯形截面板组进行了轴心和偏心压力作用下稳定承载能力的试验研究，并与理论结果进行了比较分析，试验与理论结果吻合较好。试验结果表明波纹板组具有较高的局部屈曲承载能力，但几乎无屈曲后承栽能力，与平板板组屈曲特性相比有显著差异。     

沟槽面与光滑面湍流边界层特性比较

应用ＬＤＶ技术对沟槽面及光滑面湍流边界层流速和湍流度分布进行了精细的测量，实验结果表明：与光滑面相比，沟槽面湍流边界层时均流速分布对数公式中具有较大的积分常数Ｃ值，且沟槽面湍流度最大值较小，但其出现的位置距壁面较远。另外，偏斜因子及平坦因子的分布特性区别不大，但是在近壁区内沟槽面结果波动较大。     

Studying the Effect of the Spatial Frequency and Amplitude of Corrugation on the Stress–Strain State of Cylindrical Shells

An approach developed earlier to solve two-dimensional static problems for noncircular cylindrical shells is used to analyze the effect of the spatial frequency and amplitude of corrugation on the stress–strain state of shells. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of plots and tables     

Stability and nonlinear wavy regimes in downward film flows on a corrugated surface

The linear and nonlinear stability of downward viscous film flows on a corrugated surface to freesurface perturbations is analyzed theoretically. The study is performed with the use of an integral approach in ranges of parameters where the calculated results and the corresponding solutions of Navier-Stokes equations (downward wavy flow on a smooth wall and waveless flow along a corrugated surface) are in good agreement. It is demonstrated that, for moderate Reynolds numbers, there is a range of corrugation parameters (amplitude and period) where all linear perturbations of the free surface decay. For high Reynolds numbers, the waveless downward flow is unstable. Various nonlinear wavy regimes induced by varying the corrugation amplitude are determined. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 110–120, January–February, 2007.     

非牛顿流体经波纹管流动的阻力特性

本文对Carreau流体经波纹管的蠕动流的阻力特性用差分方法作了数值求解。先施行坐标变换,提出一种保证周期性条件的混合迭代法,能较快得到问题的收敛解。流体的物质参数以及流动区域的几何参数对流动阻力特性的影响作了讨论,同时指出了直径均匀的毛管模型作为渗流模型的不足之处。     

Two-Step Structure Phase Transition,Dielectric Anomalies,and Thermochromic Luminescence Behavior in a Direct Band Gap 2D Corrugated Layer Lead Chloride Hybrid of [(CH3)4N]4Pb3Cl10

A direct band gap 2D corrugated layer lead chloride hybrid, [(CH₃)₄N]₄Pb₃Cl₁₀ ( 1 ), shows analogous topology to the {Mg₃F₁₀⁴⁻}_∞ layer in Cs₄Mg₃F₁₀, and with the (CH₃)₄N⁺ cations locating in the inorganic layer voids and between the interlayers. Two reversible structural phase transitions occur in 1 at 225/210 K and 328/325 K upon heating/cooling, respectively. On going from the low- to intermediate-temperature phase, the space group changes from P2₁/c to Cmca, and the crystallographic axis perpendicular to the layers is doubled with the order–disorder transformation of (CH₃)₄N ⁺ cations between the interlayers. The intermediate- and high-temperature phases are isomorphic with similar cell parameters and packing structure; their main difference concerns the disorder degree of the (CH₃)₄N ⁺ cations between the interlayers. The two-step structural phase transitions lead to dielectric anomalies around the corresponding T_c. Interestingly, 1 shows multiband emission, originating from the recombination of exciton and emission of defects. Moreover, 1 exhibits divergent thermochromic luminescent features around the T_c on the intermediate to low temperature transition.